IMPACT OF GENDER MAINSTREAMING POLICIES ON THE OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY OF THE NIGERIAN AIR FORCE

Abstract

Gender mainstreaming in military institutions is crucial for enhancing operational effectiveness, institutional efficiency, and national security. Despite policy advancements, the Nigerian Air Force (NAF) faces systemic barriers that hinder the full inclusion of women in key operational roles. This study examines the impact of gender mainstreaming policies on the NAF, focusing on recruitment, training, leadership opportunities, and combat participation, using Liberal Feminist Theory and Feminist Institutionalism approach to explore how entrenched gender biases, institutional resistance, and socio-cultural norms shape policy implementation. The study adopted a qualitative content analysis of policy documents and NAF reports. While gender policies exist, their execution remains inadequate due to patriarchal structures, limited leadership opportunities for female personnel, and restricted access to combat training. Genderinclusive military forces demonstrate greater adaptability, enhanced decision-making, and higher mission success rates, highlighting the socioeconomic and strategic benefits of mainstreaming gender in the NAF. However, challenges such as inadequate funding, weak accountability mechanisms, and persistent societal stereotypes continue to impede progress. The study recommends policy restructuring, expanded combat training for women, leadership mentorship programs, and stronger monitoring frameworks to ensure systematic gender inclusion. A more gender-balanced military is essential for strengthening Nigeria’s national defence strategy and achieving long-term security reforms.